0000950170-23-003045 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 08, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Registrant Name	AMPLITUDE, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001866692
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock, $0.00001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	AMPL
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity File Number	001-40817
Entity Tax Identification Number	45-3937349
Entity Address, Address Line One	201 Third Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 200
Entity Address, City or Town	San Francisco
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94103
City Area Code	415
Local Phone Number	231-2353
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Public Float			$ 806.2
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Auditor Name	KPMG LLP
Auditor Firm ID	185
Auditor Location	San Francisco, California
Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]	Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the registrant’s 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after December 31, 2022, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Class A Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		76,481,146
Class B Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		37,848,642

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 218,494	$ 307,445
Marketable securities, current	11,971	0
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $690 and $85 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively	22,716	20,444
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	20,335	19,116
Deferred commissions, current	10,918	8,112
Total current assets	284,434	355,117
Marketable securities, noncurrent	71,217	0
Property and equipment, net	9,408	4,832
Intangible assets, net	2,022	3,554
Goodwill	4,073	4,073
Restricted cash, noncurrent	855	850
Deferred commissions, noncurrent	25,799	20,573
Operating lease right-of-use assets	9,593	0
Other noncurrent assets	6,354	11,389
Total assets	413,755	400,388
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	490	3,363
Accrued expenses	18,699	17,936
Deferred revenue	89,993	69,294
Total current liabilities	109,182	90,593
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	7,093	0
Noncurrent liabilities	2,511	3,247
Total liabilities	118,786	93,840
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value per share; 20,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2022 and 2021; zero shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	568,889	486,354
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(754)	0
Accumulated deficit	(273,167)	(179,807)
Total stockholders' equity	294,969	306,548
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	413,755	400,388
Class A Common Stock
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Common stock, value	1	1
Class B Common Stock
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Common stock, value	$ 0	$ 0

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Current	$ 690	$ 85
Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	20,000,000	20,000,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued	0	0
Preferred Stock, Shares Outstanding	0	0
Class A Common Stock
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	600,000,000	600,000,000
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	76,351,000	58,725,000
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding	76,351,000	58,725,000
Class B Common Stock
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	600,000,000	600,000,000
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	37,848,000	51,151,000
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding	37,848,000	51,151,000

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 238,067	$ 167,261	$ 102,464
Cost of revenue	70,442	51,764	30,483
Gross profit	167,625	115,497	71,981
Operating expenses:
Research and development	80,589	48,251	26,098
Sales and marketing	129,962	86,025	51,819
General and administrative	53,636	55,370	18,067
Total operating expenses	264,187	189,646	95,984
Other income (expense), net	3,981	195	269
Loss before provision for income taxes	(92,581)	(73,954)	(23,734)
Provision for income taxes	796	1,029	833
Net loss	$ (93,377)	$ (74,983)	$ (24,567)
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Share, Basic	$ (0.84)	$ (1.46)	$ (0.98)
Earnings Per Share, Diluted	$ (0.84)	$ (1.46)	$ (0.98)
Earnings Per Share, Basic, Other Disclosure [Abstract]
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic	111,437	51,360	25,060
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted	111,437	51,360	25,060
Net unrealized losses on marketable securities	$ (754)	$ 0	$ 0
Comprehensive loss	$ (94,131)	$ (74,983)	$ (24,567)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock	Class A and Class B common stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated other comprehensive	Accumulated Deficit	Common Stock [Member] Class A and Class B common stock
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ (62,879)			$ 17,378		$ (80,257)
Beginning balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2019							24,646,000
Temporary equity, beginning balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2019		56,480,000
Temporary equity, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019		$ 137,991
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs		$ 49,820
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs, shares		5,237,000
Stock-based compensation expense	16,553			16,553
Exercise of stock options	3,637			3,637
Exercise of stock options, Shares							3,648,000
Vesting of early exercised stock options	136			136
Donation of common stock and repurchase of unvested stock options, Shares							(370,000)
Net loss	(24,567)					(24,567)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020	(67,120)			37,704		(104,824)
Ending balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2020							27,924,000
Temporary equity, ending balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2020		61,717,000
Temporary equity, ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020		$ 187,811
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs		$ 199,802
Issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs, shares		6,247,000
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon Direct Listing	387,613		$ 1	387,612
Temporary equity, Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon Direct Listing, Shares		(67,964,000)
Temporary equity, Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon Direct Listing		$ (387,613)
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon Direct Listing, Shares							67,964,000
Stock-based compensation expense	34,773			34,773
Exercise of stock options	16,982			16,982
Exercise of stock options, Shares							10,301,000
Vesting of early exercised stock options	1,881			1,881
Vesting of restricted stock awards, Shares							2,617,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with an acquisition	7,402			7,402
Issuance of common stock in connection with an acquisition, Shares							1,070,000
Net loss	(74,983)					(74,983)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	306,548			486,354		(179,807)	$ 1
Ending balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2021							109,876,000
Stock-based compensation expense	68,576			68,576
Exercise of stock options	$ 6,899			6,899
Exercise of stock options, Shares	2,498,763						2,499,000
Vesting of early exercised stock options	$ 2,323			2,323
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan, shares							350,000
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	$ 4,738			$ 4,738
Donation of common stock and repurchase of unvested stock options, Shares	1,000			1,000			8,000
Vesting of restricted stock awards, Shares							1,482,000
Net loss	$ (93,377)					(93,377)
Other comprehensive loss, net	(754)				$ (754)
Cumulative impact of Topic 842 adoption	17					17
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 294,969			$ 568,889	$ (754)	$ (273,167)	$ 1
Ending balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2022							114,199,000

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Net issuance costs of redeemable convertible preferred stock	$ 198	$ 169

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (93,377)	$ (74,983)	$ (24,567)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,662	3,093	1,690
Stock-based compensation expense	67,223	34,394	16,553
Other	42	1,802	674
Non-cash operating lease costs	3,731	0	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(2,427)	(3,033)	(5,561)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(1,014)	(12,222)	(1,469)
Deferred commissions	(8,032)	(9,245)	(7,180)
Other noncurrent assets	5,036	(4,491)	(5,719)
Accounts payable	(2,884)	(1,054)	2,414
Accrued expenses	4,574	5,556	1,726
Deferred revenue	20,698	28,470	11,047
Operating lease liabilities	(3,616)	0	0
Net cash used in operating activities	(5,384)	(31,713)	(10,392)
Cash flows from investing activity:
Purchases of marketable securities	(83,190)	0	0
Purchase of property and equipment	(3,632)	(1,529)	(984)
Capitalization of internal-use software costs	(2,177)	(1,693)	(1,224)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(394)	1,724	(3,700)
Net cash used in investing activities	(89,393)	(1,498)	(5,908)
Cash flows from financing activity:
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	6,910	21,783	4,427
Proceeds from issuance of redeemable convertible preferred stock, net	0	199,802	49,820
Cash received for tax withholding obligations on equity award settlements	17,992	145,481	1,299
Cash paid for tax withholding obligations on equity award settlements	(19,056)	(144,420)	(1,299)
Repurchase of unvested stock options	(15)	(3)	(2)
Net cash provided by financing activities	5,831	222,643	54,245
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(88,946)	189,432	37,945
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year	308,295	118,863	80,918
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of year	219,349	308,295	118,863
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes	424	182	221
Noncash investing and financing activity:
Vesting of early exercised options	2,323	1,881	136
Purchases of property and equipment included in liabilities	11	0	0
Stock-based compensation capitalized as internal-use software costs	$ 1,353	$ 379	$ 0

Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

(1)

Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

Amplitude, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 2011 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California. The Company provides a Digital Analytics Platform that helps companies analyze their customer behavior within digital products. The Company delivers its application over the Internet as a subscription service using a software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) model. The Company’s arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software supporting the cloud-based application service at any time. The Company also offers customer support related to initial implementation setup, ongoing support services, and application training.

Segment Information

The Company has a single operating and reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance, and allocating resources. Long-lived assets outside of the United States are immaterial. For information regarding the Company’s revenue by geographic area, see the Disaggregation of Revenue section below.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”) and include the accounts of Amplitude, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Foreign Currency

The reporting currency of the Company is the United States dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is also the United States dollar. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in “Other income, net” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and have not been material for any of the periods presented.

Reclassification

Certain amounts in the prior period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the presentation of the current period consolidated financial statements.

Direct Listing

On September 21, 2021, the Company’s registration statement related to the Direct Listing (the “Registration Statement”) was declared effective by the SEC, and on September 28, 2021, the Company’s Class A common stock commenced trading. The Company incurred fees related to financial advisory service, audit, and legal expenses in connection with the Direct Listing and recorded general and administrative expenses of $18.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Prior to the Direct Listing, on August 30, 2021, an amended and restated certificate of incorporation of the Company was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, which resulted in the creation of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. All existing shares of common stock issued and outstanding were reclassified into shares of Class B common stock.

Upon the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, all 68.0 million outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock were converted into an equivalent number of shares of Class B common stock.

On September 21, 2021, an amended and restated certificate of incorporation of the Company was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, authorizing an aggregate of 1,220,000,000 shares of capital stock of the Company, including 600,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, 600,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements and may involve subjective or significant judgment by the Company; therefore, actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. Items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to the:

•

expected period of benefit for deferred commissions;

•

useful lives of long-lived assets;

•

valuation of the Company’s common stock and stock-based awards for periods prior to the direct listing of the Company's Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Direct Listing”);

•

valuation of goodwill and intangible assets;

•

the recognition, measurement, and valuation of deferred tax assets and income tax uncertainties; and

•

incremental borrowing rate used for operating leases.

Risks and Uncertainties

The COVID-19 pandemic had an adverse effect on the global economy and the lasting effects of the pandemic continue to be unknown. Although pandemic-related trends have normalized for the Company, the extent to which COVID-19 may continue to impact the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity continues to remain uncertain, and as of the date of issuance of these financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or judgments or an adjustment to the carrying value of the Company’s assets or liabilities. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, which will be recognized in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and any such differences may be material to the Company’s financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives revenue primarily from sales of subscription services. Revenue is recognized when, or as, the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the control of the promised service to a customer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services.

To achieve the core principle of the revenue standard, the Company applies the following steps:

(i)

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with the customer

The Company considers the terms and conditions of the contract in identifying the contracts. The Company determines a contract with a customer to exist when the contract is approved, each party’s rights regarding the services to be transferred can be identified, the payment terms for the services can be identified, it has been determined the customer has the ability and intent to pay, and the contract has commercial substance. At contract inception, the Company will evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as a single contract and whether the combined or single contract includes more than one performance obligation. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intent to pay, which is based on a variety of factors, including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, credit, and financial information pertaining to the customer.

(ii)

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services and the products is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The Company’s performance obligations consist of (1) core subscription services and (2) professional and other services.

(iii)

Determination of the transaction price

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring services to the customer. The transaction price includes SaaS subscription fees based on the contracted usage as well as variable consideration associated with overage fees on exceeded volume limits. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of the Company’s contracts contain a significant financing component.

(iv)

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on each performance obligation’s relative standalone selling price (“SSP”). Contracts typically have one performance obligation of providing access to the core subscription service. On occasion, contracts include professional services to customers, which are separate performance obligations. Professional services revenue has historically not been significant.

(v)

Recognition of the revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied

Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the control of the promised service to a customer. For subscription services, revenue is recognized as the customer is given access to the core subscription service, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for access to the services. With respect to professional services, the Company recognizes revenue as services are delivered. The Company generates all its revenue from contracts with customers.

Subscription revenue

The Company generates revenue from subscription services including SaaS subscriptions and customer support services subject to contractual subscription terms. SaaS subscriptions enable customers to access and send event volume data to the Company’s cloud-based platform. Subscription arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the Company’s software at any time. Instead, customers are granted continuous access to the platform over the contractual period. A time-elapsed method is used to measure progress because the Company’s obligation is to provide continuous service over the contractual period and control is transferred evenly over the contractual period. Accordingly, the fixed consideration related to subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the contract term beginning on the date access to the subscription product is provisioned. The typical subscription term is 12 months with various payment terms ranging from monthly to annual up-front payments. Most contracts are non-cancellable over the contractual term and are subject to standard terms and conditions; however, certain contracts contain nonstandard terms that may impact the timing of revenue recognition. Some customers have the option to purchase additional subscription services at a stated price. These options are evaluated on a case-by-case basis but generally do not provide a material right as they do not provide a discount to the customer that is incremental to the range of discounts typically given for the same services that are sold to a similar class of customers, even when the stand-alone selling price of the services subject to the option is highly variable.

Remaining performance obligations

The Company’s contracts with customers generally include one combined performance obligation, its core subscription offering, which is a series of distinct services transferred to the customer ratably over the respective obligation’s term. Other performance obligations that may be identified in contracts include professional services. As of December 31, 2022, the unrecognized transaction price related to remaining performance obligations was $248.2 million.

The Company’s remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2022 are expected to be recognized as follows (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2022
Less than or equal to 12 months	$	190,595
Greater than 12 months		57,581
Total remaining performance obligations	$	248,176

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table shows the Company’s disaggregation of revenue by geographic areas, as determined based on the billing address of its customers (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
United States	$	146,415	$	107,244	$	65,189
International		91,652		60,017		37,275
Total revenue	$	238,067	$	167,261	$	102,464

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable are primarily comprised of cash due from customers and are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company has a well-established collections history from its customers. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. In determining the necessary allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company estimates the lifetime expected credit losses against the existing accounts receivable balance. The Company's estimate is based on certain factors including historical loss rates, current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, and customer-specific circumstances. The Company maintained an allowance of $0.7 million and $0.1 million for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The movements in the allowance for doubtful accounts were not material for any of the periods presented. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

Concentration of Risk and Significant Customers

Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. Although the Company deposits its cash with high-quality, credit-rated financial institutions, the deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.

No customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. As of the year ended December 31, 2022, no customers represented 10% or more of accounts receivable. As of the year ended December 31, 2021, one customer represented 10% of accounts receivable.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of billings of payments received in advance of revenue recognition and is recognized when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied. The Company generally invoices its customers annually or in semi-annual, quarterly, or monthly installments. Accordingly, the deferred revenue balance does not represent the total contract value of annual non-cancellable subscription agreements. The amount of revenue recognized in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 that was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period was $68.8 million and $40.7 million, respectively.

Deferred Commissions

The Company capitalizes sales commissions that are recoverable and incremental due to the acquisition of customer contracts. The Company determines whether costs should be deferred based on its sales compensation plans, if the commissions are in fact incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract.

Commissions paid upon the initial acquisition of a contract are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit, determined to be five years. The period of benefit is estimated by considering factors such as the expected life of our subscription contracts, historical customer attrition rates, technological life of our platform, as well as other factors. Sales commissions for renewal of a subscription contract are not considered commensurate with the commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial subscription contract given the substantive difference in commission rates between new and renewal contracts. The Company determines the period of benefit for renewal subscription contracts by considering the contractual term for renewal contracts.

Amounts anticipated to be recognized within 12 months of the balance sheet date are recorded as deferred commissions, current, with the remaining portion recorded as deferred commissions, noncurrent, in the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company periodically reviews these deferred commissions to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact recoverability or the period of benefit. There were no impairment losses recorded during the periods presented.

The following table represents a rollforward of the Company’s deferred commissions as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Beginning balance	$	28,685		$	19,440
Additions to deferred commissions		17,740			16,077
Amortization of deferred commissions		(9,708	)		(6,832	)
Ending balance		36,717			28,685
Deferred commissions, current portion		10,918			8,112
Deferred commissions, net of current portion		25,799			20,573
Total deferred commissions	$	36,717		$	28,685

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue primarily consists of costs related to third-party hosting costs; employee-related expenses, including salaries, stock-based compensation and benefits for operations and support personnel; software license fees; certain developed technology and acquired developed software amortization; and allocated overhead.

Research and Development Expense

The Company’s costs related to research, design, maintenance, and minor enhancements of the Company’s platform are expensed as incurred. These costs consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation and allocated overhead costs, contractor and consulting fees related to the design, development, testing, and enhancements of the Company’s platform, and software, hardware, and cloud infrastructure fees for staging and development related to research and development activities necessary to support growth in the Company’s employee base and in the adoption of its platform.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred as a component of sales and marketing expenses. Advertising expenses of $5.8 million, $4.5 million, and $2.0 million were incurred during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company records stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and purchase rights issued under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), made to employees, non-employees, and directors based on estimated fair values recognized over the requisite service period. The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards granted to employees, directors, and non-employees based on the estimated fair values on the date of the grant and vesting criteria. For options, vesting is typically over a four-year period and is contingent upon continued employment on each vesting date. In general, options granted to employees vest 25% after the first year of service and ratably each month over the remaining 36-month period. For RSUs, vesting is typically over a three-year period and is contingent upon continued employment on each vesting date. In general, RSUs granted to employees vest ratably each quarter over the 36-month period.

The Company recognizes compensation expense for service-based stock-based awards as an expense over the employee’s or director’s requisite service period on a straight-line basis. The Company also had certain options and awards that have performance-based vesting conditions upon certain liquidity events. As a result of the Direct Listing, the liquidity event was met for all outstanding awards with a performance condition and were expensed using the accelerated attribution method. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. Stock-based compensation expense is allocated to cost of revenue and operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations based on where the associated employee’s functional department is located.

The fair value of stock options granted under the 2021 Plan and purchase rights issued under the ESPP for purposes of calculating stock-based compensation expense is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes pricing model. The Black-Scholes pricing model requires the Company to make assumptions and judgments about the inputs used in the calculation, including the expected term (weighted-average period of time that the options granted are expected to be outstanding), the volatility of the Company’s common stock, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividend yield. The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. For stock options considered to be “plain vanilla” options, the Company estimates the expected term based on the simplified method, which is essentially the weighted average of the vesting period and contractual term, as the Company's historical option exercise experience does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The volatility is based on an average of the historical volatilities of the common stock of comparable public companies with characteristics similar to those of the Company. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the option or purchase right. The Company’s expected dividend yield input is zero as it has not historically paid, nor does it expect in the future to pay, cash dividends on its common stock. Stock-based compensation expense for RSUs granted under the 2021 Plan is measured based on the fair value of the underlying shares on the date of grant.

The fair value of options granted under the 2014 Plan are estimated on the grant date using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The determination of the grant date fair value is affected by the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock as well as additional assumptions regarding a number of other subjective variables. These variables include expected stock price volatility over a contractual term, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, the risk-free interest rate for a contractual term, and expected dividends. Stock-based compensation expense for RSUs granted under the 2014 Plan is measured based on the fair value of the underlying shares on the date of grant.

Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset-and-liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income or loss in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established for deferred tax assets to the extent it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets may not be realized.

The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing its tax return to determine whether the tax positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon challenge by the applicable tax authority. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are stated at fair value. Restricted cash represents cash held to collateralize lease obligations related to the Company's property leases. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, $0.9 million of restricted cash is recorded as noncurrent assets. The following table represents the Company's cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at each period end (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	218,494	$	307,445
Restricted cash, noncurrent		855		850
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	219,349	$	308,295

Investments in Marketable Securities

Investments in marketable securities consist of commercial paper, corporate notes, and bonds, as well as U.S. Treasury and government agency securities. Management determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determination at each balance sheet date. Marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets and are classified as short-term or long-term based on their remaining contractual maturities.

The Company evaluates its investments with unrealized loss positions at the individual security level to determine whether the unrealized loss was related to credit or noncredit factors. The Company considers whether a credit loss exists based on the extent of the unrealized loss position, any adverse conditions specifically related to the security or the issuer's operating environment, pay structure of the security, the issuer's payment history and any changes in the issuer's credit rating. Estimated credit losses are determined using a discounted cash flow model and recorded as an allowance, with changes in expected credit losses on the Company's investments recorded in “Other income, net” in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Unrealized gains and losses related to noncredit factors are reflected in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the consolidated balance sheets.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines fair value based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants, as determined by either the principal market or the most advantageous market. Inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values are classified based on a three-level hierarchy. These levels are:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities; the fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date; the fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

Observable inputs are based on market data obtained from independent sources. The fair value of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximated their carrying values as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 due to their short-term nature. The fair values of all of these instruments are categorized as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Company's marketable securities as categorized by the fair value level hierarchy is detailed in Note 3.

Business Combinations

The Company applies a screen test to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets to determine whether a transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition or business combination. When the Company acquires a business, the purchase consideration is allocated to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated respective fair value based on the acquisition method of accounting. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. When determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions, particularly to acquired intangible assets. These assumptions include, but are not limited to, reproduction costs and appropriate discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. Acquisition costs, such as legal and consulting fees, are expensed as incurred. During the measurement period, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in connection with business combinations accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The Company has one reporting unit and performs testing of goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year, or as events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. These triggering events that may indicate impairment include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in customer demand or business climate that could affect the value of goodwill or a significant decrease in expected cash flows. The Company’s test for goodwill impairment starts with a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If the Company determines, based on the qualitative factors, that the fair value of the reporting unit is more likely than not less than the carrying amount, then a quantitative goodwill impairment test is required. There were no impairments of goodwill recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. There were no other changes in goodwill other than additions from acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2021 as detailed in Note 4.

Intangible assets mainly consist of developed technology resulting from the Company’s acquisitions. Acquired intangible assets are recorded at cost, net of accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which was determined to be three years for all acquired intangibles. For developed technology, amortization costs were included within cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations upon the related product release date. Long-lived assets, including intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. There was no impairment of intangible assets recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of those assets, as follows:


Property		Useful Life
Office equipment		3 years
Furniture and fixtures		3 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of remaining lease term or 5 years
Software including internal-use software		3 years

Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the period realized.

Operating Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at inception. Leases arise from contractual obligations that convey the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception, based on whether there is an identified asset and whether the Company controls the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use. At lease commencement date, the Company determines lease classification between finance and operating, allocates the consideration to the lease and non-lease components and recognizes a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and corresponding lease liability for each lease component. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments based on the lease contracts.

Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities were recognized at adoption date or lease commencement date, if the commencement date was after January 1, 2022, based on the present value of lease payments over the remaining lease term. The Company’s lease contracts do not provide an implicit rate, as such the Company used its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at adoption date or lease commencement date, if the commencement date was after January 1, 2022, in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made to the lessors at or before the lease commencement date, and excludes lease incentives. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.

The lease liability is initially measured as the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to determine the present value is the Company's incremental borrowing rate unless the interest rate implicit in the lease is readily determinable. The Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease

commencement date for borrowings with a similar term. The ROU asset is initially measured as the present value of the lease payments, adjusted for initial direct costs, prepaid lease payments to lessors and lease incentives. The operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities recognized at January 1, 2022, the adoption date, were based on the present value of lease payments over the remaining lease term as of that date, using the incremental borrowing rate as of that date.

The Company elected the practical expedients to not recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for leases with a term of less than twelve months and to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease components for the Company's office leases and certain other asset classes. The total consideration includes fixed payments and contractual escalation provisions. The Company is responsible for maintenance, insurance, property taxes and other variable payments, which are expensed as incurred. The Company's leases include options to renew or terminate. The Company includes the option to renew or terminate in the determination of the lease term when the option is deemed to be reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company accounts for changes in the expected lease term as a modification of the original contract.

Operating leases are classified in “Operating lease right-of-use assets” and “Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent” on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The current balance of the operating lease liabilities is included within “Accrued expenses” on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term and included in “Operating expenses” in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Capitalized Internal-Use Software Costs

The Company capitalizes development costs related to its platform and certain other projects for internal use. The Company considered the guidance set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 350-40-15, Accounting for the Cost of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use, which requires companies to capitalize qualifying computer software costs that are incurred during the application development stage, and then amortize them over the software’s estimated useful life. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Capitalized internal-use software costs are included in “Property and equipment, net” on our consolidated balance sheets and are amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life into cost of revenue within the consolidated statements of operation. All software development costs prior to capitalization have been recorded in research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations. There was no impairment to capitalized internal-use software costs during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates long-lived assets or asset groups for impairment whenever events indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable based on expected future cash flows attributable to that asset or asset group. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset or asset group exceeds estimated undiscounted future cash flows, then an impairment charge would be recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset or asset group over its fair value. No impairment loss on long-lived assets was recognized in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. Prior to the automatic conversion of all of its redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding into Class B common stock concurrent with the Direct Listing, the Company considered all series of its redeemable convertible preferred stock to be participating securities as the holders of such stock have the right to receive nonforfeitable dividends on a ratable basis in the event that a dividend is paid on common stock. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is not allocated to the redeemable convertible preferred stock as the preferred stockholders do not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company’s losses.

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents to the extent they are dilutive. For purposes of this calculation, redeemable convertible preferred stock, stock options, early exercised stock options, RSUs, ESPP purchase rights and common stock warrants have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is anti-dilutive for all periods presented.

Indemnifications

The Company delivers its applications over the internet as a subscription service using a SaaS model. Each subscription is subject to the terms of the contractual arrangement with the customer and often includes certain provisions for holding the customer harmless against and indemnifying the customer from costs, damages, losses, liabilities, and expenses arising from claims that the Company’s software infringes upon a copyright, trademark, or other trade secret rights, and third-party claims arising from the Company’s breach of the contract. Customers also indemnify the Company for claims relating their improper use of the service or intellectual property claims originating from customer actions or content.

The Company has not incurred any expense in defense or reimbursement of any of its customers for losses related to indemnification provisions, and no material claims against the Company are outstanding as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. The Company’s exposure under these indemnification provisions is often capped at a fixed amount in many customer agreements and uncapped in others. Due primarily to the lack of history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular contractual arrangement, the Company has determined that potential costs related to indemnification are not probable or estimable and, as such, has not recorded a reserve for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

In addition, in the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to vendors, directors, officers, and other parties with respect to certain matters. The Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in its consolidated financial statements.

Warranties

For certain customers, the Company provides a performance warranty for accessibility to the Company’s platform as identified in an order form during the order duration. The Company’s software products are generally warranted for certain customers to substantially conform to the specifications set forth in the related customer contract and published documentation. In the event there is a failure of such warranties, the Company generally will correct the problem or provide a reasonable workaround or replacement product. The Company has the standard 30-day cure period for failures that amount to a material breach, and no warranted time frame for nonmaterial failures. If the Company cannot correct or provide a workaround or replacement product for material failures within the cure period, then the customer’s remedy is generally limited to termination of the contractual arrangement related to the nonconforming product services with a pro rata refund of the related fees paid. The Company has not incurred significant expense under these service warranties, nor does it expect that any future expense is probable. Accordingly, the Company has determined that potential costs related to warranties are not probable or estimable and, as such, has not recorded a reserve as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires companies to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use leased assets on the balance sheets and to disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Qualitative and quantitative disclosures will be enhanced to better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted.

Additionally, in 2018 and 2019, the FASB issued the following Topic 842–related ASUs:

•

2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, which clarifies the applicability of Topic 842 to land easements and provides an optional transition practical expedient for existing land easements;

•

2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which makes certain technical corrections to Topic 842;

•

2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which allows companies to adopt Topic 842 without revising comparative period reporting or disclosures and provides an optional practical expedient to lessors to not separate lease and non-lease components of a contract if certain criteria are met; and

•

2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements, which provides guidance for certain lessors on determining the fair value of an underlying asset in a lease and on the cash flow statement presentation of lease payments received; ASU No. 2019-01 also clarifies disclosures required in interim periods after adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 in the year of adoption.

The Company adopted the new standard as of January 1, 2022, and recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit as of adoption date. The Company elected the optional transition approach to not apply Topic 842 in the comparative periods presented. The Company elected the relief package of practical expedients to not reassess whether existing contracts contain leases, the lease term and classification for existing leases, and whether existing initial direct costs meet the new definition. The adoption of Topic 842 resulted in the recognition of total right-of-use of $11.6 million and total lease liabilities of $13.2 million as of the date of adoption. Additionally, the Company has derecognized $1.6 million in deferred rent upon adoption of this standard. The adoption of Topic 842 did not have a material impact to the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss or statements of cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value (i.e., measure the charge based on today’s Step 1). This update is effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed in periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company early adopted the standard as of January 1, 2022. The adoption of ASC 350 did not have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.

On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, including accounts receivables. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. These changes will result in more timely recognition of credit losses. The adoption of Topic 326 did not have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.

Balance Sheet Components

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Balance Sheet Components

(2)

Balance Sheet Components

The following tables show the Company’s financial statement details as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Prepaid hosting	$	9,759	$	9,216
Other prepaid expenses and other assets		10,576		9,900
Total prepaid expense and other current assets	$	20,335	$	19,116

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2022			2021
Office equipment	$	4,062		$	3,351
Furniture and fixtures		1,533			319
Leasehold improvements		1,012			521
Software		13			12
Internal-use software		6,825			3,296
Total property and equipment		13,445			7,499
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(4,037	)		(2,667	)
Property and equipment, net	$	9,408		$	4,832

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $2.6 million, $1.4 million, and $1.0 million, respectively.

The changes in the carrying value of capitalized internal-use software costs for the periods presented below are as follows (in thousands):


	Amount

Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	1,121
Capitalization of internal-use software costs		2,072
Amortization of internal-use software costs		(585	)
Balance as of December 31, 2021		2,608
Capitalization of internal-use software costs		3,530
Amortization of internal-use software costs		(1,247	)
Balance as of December 31, 2022		4,891

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Accrued commission	$	4,494	$	4,708
Accrued payroll and employee related taxes		1,580		2,689
Accrued sales tax		338		932
Liability from early exercised stock options		1,382		3,708
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan withholding		1,185		981
Operating lease liabilities, current		3,997		—
Other accrued liabilities		5,723		4,918
Total accrued expenses	$	18,699	$	17,936

Acquisition, Intangible Assets, and Goodwill

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Intangible Assets And Goodwill Disclosure [Abstract]

Acquisitions, Intangible Assets, and Goodwill

(4)

Acquisitions, Intangible Assets, and Goodwill

Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed an acquisition of a privately-held company for an aggregate of $9.5 million, consisting of $2.1 million of cash and $7.4 million of equity consideration through the issuance of 0.7 million shares of its common stock. The Company has accounted for this transaction as a business combination. In allocating the aggregate purchase price based on the estimated fair values, the Company recorded $3.8 million of cash, $2.85 million as a developed technology intangible asset, and $0.4 million as a customer related intangible asset, both of which are to be amortized over estimated useful lives of three years. The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill in the amount of $3.1 million after measurement period and working capital adjustments. As part of the acquisition, the Company also agreed to retention agreements with key employees in which 0.4 million shares of common stock are restricted and vest over a service period of four years. As of December 31, 2022, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to these restricted shares was $2.5 million, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 2.3 years.

The Company believes the goodwill balances associated with these acquisitions represent the synergies expected from expanded market opportunities when integrating the acquired developed technologies with the Company’s offerings as well as acquiring an assembled workforce. Related goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes.

Aggregate acquisition-related costs associated with these business combinations were not material for all periods presented and were included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The results

of operations of these business combinations have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date. These business combinations did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Therefore, historical results of operations prior to the acquisition dates and pro forma results of operations have not been presented.

Intangible Assets Other Than Goodwill

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


		As of December 31, 2022										As of December 31, 2021
		Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization				Net Carrying Amount			Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization				Net Carrying Amount

Developed technology	$		5,550	$		(4,153	)	$		1,397	$		5,550	$		(2,303	)	$		3,247
Customer related			931			(306	)			625			400			(93	)			307
Intangible assets, net	$		6,481	$		(4,459	)	$		2,022	$		5,950	$		(2,396	)	$		3,554

Amortization expense of intangible assets was $2.1 million, $1.7 million, and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022, future amortization expense is expected to be as follows (in thousands):


	Amount
2023	$	1,414
2024		509
2025		99
2026		—
2027		—
Total	$	2,022

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

(3)

Fair Value Measurements

The following table summarizes, for financial assets measured at fair value, the respective fair value and classification by level of input within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):


		As of December 31, 2022
		Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses				Estimated Fair Value
Level 1:
Cash equivalents(1)
Money market funds	$		168,730	$		—	$		—		$		168,730
Level 2:
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. governmental securities			83,942			—			(754	)			83,188
Total	$		252,672	$		—	$		(754	)	$		251,918

(1)

Included in “Cash and cash equivalents” in the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, in addition to cash of $49.8 million.

The Company uses quoted prices in active markets for identical assets to determine the fair value of the Company's Level 1 investments. The fair value of the Company's Level 2 investments is determined using pricing based on quoted market prices or alternative market observable inputs.

The fair value of the Company's available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2022, by remaining contractual maturities, was as follows (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2022
Due in one year or less	$	11,971
Due in greater than one year		71,217
Total	$	83,188

The Company periodically evaluates its investments for expected credit losses. The unrealized losses on the available-for-sale securities were primarily due to unfavorable changes in interest rates subsequent to the initial purchase of these securities. None of the Company's available-for-sale securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer as of December 31, 2022. The Company expects to recover the full carrying value of its available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position as it does not intend or anticipate a need to sell these securities prior to recovering the associated unrealized losses. The Company also expects any credit losses would be immaterial based on the high-grade credit rating for each of such available-for-sale securities. As a result, the Company does not consider any portion of the unrealized losses as of December 31, 2022 to represent a credit loss. The Company held no marketable securities as of December 31, 2021.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans

(5)

Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans

Preferred stock

In connection with the Direct Listing, on September 21, 2021, an amended and restated certificate of incorporation of the Company was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, which authorized the issuance of 20 million shares of undesignated preferred stock with a par value of $0.00001 per share and rights and preferences, including voting rights, designated from time to time by the board of directors.

Common Stock

The Company has two classes of common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of 600 million shares of Class A common stock and 600 million shares of Class B common stock. The shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting, conversion, and transfer rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote. Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to five votes. Class A and Class B common stock each have a par value of $0.00001 per share and are referred to as common stock throughout the notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive any dividends whenever funds are legally available and if declared by the board of directors.

Shares of Class B common stock may be converted to Class A common stock at any time at the option of the stockholder. Shares of Class B common stock will also automatically convert into one share of Class A common stock upon any transfer, except for certain permitted transfers described in the Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation. In addition, each share of Class B common stock held by the Company's three cofounders (or any of such founder’s affiliates) will convert automatically into one share of Class A common stock on the earlier of: (i) the death or incapacity of such founder or (ii) the date that is six months following the date on which such founder is no longer an employee or director of the Company (unless such founder has rejoined the Company during such six-month period). Each outstanding share of the Company's Class B common stock will also convert automatically into one share of Class A common stock on the date that is six months following the date on which no founder is an employee or director of the Company (unless a founder has rejoined the Company during such six-month period). In addition, any transfer by a founder (or such founder’s affiliates) to one or more of the other founders (or such founders’ affiliates) will not result in

the automatic conversion of such shares of Class B common stock to Class A common stock. Once converted into Class A common stock, the Class B common stock may not be reissued.

The Company has reserved shares of its common stock as follows:


	As of December 31, 2022		As of December 31, 2021

2014 Stock Option and Grant Plan and 2021 Incentive Award Plan:
Equity plan stock options outstanding		16,767,752		21,214,155
RSUs outstanding		9,914,125		1,716,614
Shares available for future issuance		16,774,634		19,005,008
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan:
Shares available for future issuance		3,411,791		2,663,371
Total reserved shares		46,868,302		44,599,148

Equity Incentive Plans

2014 Stock Option and Grant Plan

In December 2014, the Company adopted its 2014 Stock Option and Grant Plan (as amended, the “2014 Plan”), pursuant to which shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for the issuance of stock options (incentive and non-statutory), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and restricted stock to employees, directors, and consultants under terms and provisions established by the board of directors and approved by the Company’s stockholders. The 2014 Plan was terminated in September 2021 in connection with the Direct Listing but continues to govern the terms of outstanding awards that were granted prior to the termination of the 2014 Plan. No further equity awards will be granted under the 2014 Plan. With the establishment of the 2021 Incentive Award Plan (the “2021 Plan”) as further discussed below, upon the expiration, forfeiture, cancellation, or reacquisition of any shares of Class A common stock underlying outstanding stock-based awards granted under the 2014 Plan, an equal number of shares of Class A common stock will become available for grant under the 2021 Plan.

2021 Incentive Award Plan

In August 2021, the Company's board of directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2021 Plan, which became effective in connection with the Direct Listing. The 2021 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, RSU awards, performance bonus awards, performance stock units, dividend equivalent awards and other forms of equity compensation (collectively, “equity awards”). As of December 31, 2022, a total of 16,774,634 shares of the Company's Class A common stock have been reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan in addition to (i) the number of shares represented by awards outstanding under the Company's 2014 Plan (“Prior Plan Awards”) that become available upon the expiration, forfeiture, cancellation, or reacquisition of any shares of Class A common stock underlying outstanding stock awards granted under the 2014 Plan, and (ii) an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning in 2022 and ending in 2031, equal to the lesser of (A) 5% of the shares of the Company's common stock outstanding (on an as-converted basis) on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (B) such smaller number of shares of stock as determined by the Company's board of directors; provided, however, that no more than 88,000,000 shares of stock may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options.

Stock Option Awards

Stock options granted under the 2021 Plan and 2014 Plan (the “combined stock plans”) generally vest based on continued service over four years. Options issued outside of the combined stock plans were immaterial and therefore not discussed further below.

Option activity under the Company's combined stock plans is set forth below:


						Weighted
				Weighted		average		Aggregate
	Outstanding			average		remaining		intrinsic
	stock			exercise		contractual		value
	options			price		life (years)		(in thousands)
Balances as of December 31, 2021		21,214,155		$	4.15		8.12	$	1,035,039
Granted		858,630			14.84
Exercised		(2,498,763	)		2.77
Cancelled/forfeited		(2,806,270	)		8.42
Balances as of December 31, 2022(1)		16,767,752		$	4.19		7.19	$	132,298
Exercisable as of December 31, 2022(2)		12,822,860		$	3.29		6.89	$	112,713

(1)

As no forfeitures are estimated due to the Company's adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, all options are vested or expected to vest. As of December 31, 2022, no options were outstanding that were subject to a future performance condition

(2)

Exercisable shares include vested options as well as unvested shares that can be early exercised

During December 2020, the Company granted 1,756,545 stock options to two executives which contain both a service condition and a performance condition. Based on the terms of the options, the vesting commencement date is defined as the date in which a Form S-1 filed with the SEC becomes effective (a “QPO Event”). In conjunction with the Direct Listing, a QPO Event occurred and therefore the options began to vest 1/24th each month subsequent to September 21, 2021. During fiscal 2022, the Company recognized $1.5 million in expense related to these awards using the accelerated attribution method. The unrecognized stock-based compensation expense was $0.3 million and $1.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The aggregate intrinsic values of options are calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the options and the market price for shares of the Company’s common stock as of each period-end. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $23.3 million, $519.1 million, and $15.0 million, respectively.

Stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 had a weighted average grant date fair value of $8.27, $6.02, and $2.27 per share, respectively. With the exception of the performance options detailed above, the fair value is being expensed over the vesting period of the options on a straight-line basis as the services are being provided. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $17.6 million, $9.7 million, and $5.1 million, respectively. No tax benefits were realized from options during the periods.

As of December 31, 2022, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the combined stock plans options was $21.8 million. This unrecognized expense as of December 31, 2022 is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 2.45 years. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 354,500 shares of non-employee stock options outstanding under the combined stock plans.

The fair value of each option granted to employees under the 2021 Plan is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes pricing model. Based on the nature of the underlying options granted under the 2014 Plan, the fair value of each option granted to employees is estimated on the date of grant using the Monte Carlo simulation model.

The following range of assumptions and data inputs were used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of the options granted under the 2021 Plan:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022

Fair value of common stock	$14.62 - $15.63
Expected dividend yield		—
Risk-free interest rate	3.01% - 3.36%
Expected volatility	55.3% - 55.6%
Expected term (years)	6.0 - 6.3

Determining Fair Value of Stock Options

The fair value of each grant of stock option was determined by the Company using the methods as discussed above and the assumptions discussed below. The determination of each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires a level of judgment.

Expected volatility – The expected stock price volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities of a group of industry peers over a period equal to the expected life of the options, as we do not have sufficient trading history for our common stock.

Contractual term (Monte Carlo) – The contractual term of stock options is used to model the expected exercise behavior of the option holders with a 10-year exercise period. This method utilizes a Monte Carlo simulation based on historical exercise data as the options are not considered to be plain-vanilla where a simplified method is allowed as certain holders have up until option expiration to exercise regardless of employment status. The Monte Carlo simulation models expected exercise behavior utilizing an estimated stock price at which the holder of the option would choose to exercise an option prior to the end of the stated term. For this assumption, we utilized a value multiple on the strike price of 4.0 times.

Expected term (Black-Scholes) – Expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumptions are determined based on the vesting terms, exercise terms, and contractual lives of the options.

Expected dividend – The expected dividend assumption was based on our history and expectation that it will not declare dividend payout for the near future.

Risk-free interest rate – The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the contractual terms.

Fair value of common stock – Prior to the Direct Listing, the fair value of our common stock was determined by our board of directors, which intended all options granted to be exercisable at a price per share not less than the per share fair value of common stock underlying those options on the date of grant. The valuations of our common stock were determined in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation. The board of directors considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the fair value of our common stock at each meeting in which awards were approved. The factors considered included, but were not limited to:

(i)

the results of contemporaneous independent third-party valuations of our common stock;

(ii)

the prices, rights, preferences, and privileges of our redeemable convertible preferred stock relative to those of its common stock;

(iii)

the lack of marketability of our common stock;

(iv)

actual operating and financial results;

(v)

current business conditions and projections;

(vi)

the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering, direct listing, or sale of our Company, given prevailing market conditions; and

(vii)

precedent transactions involving our shares.

Restricted Stock Units

RSUs granted under the 2021 Plan generally vest based on continued service, typically over a three- to four-year period. RSUs granted pursuant to the 2014 Plan vest according to a service condition as well as a performance condition, through a liquidity event, including (i) a change in control of the Company or (ii) the initial public offering of the Company’s equity securities, following which the securities shall be publicly traded, which includes a direct listing. As a result of the Direct Listing, the performance condition for all RSUs granted pursuant to the 2014 Plan has been met. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded $46.0 million and $15.4 million in expense related to RSUs, respectively.

No RSUs were granted during year ended December 31, 2020. Additionally, no stock-based compensation expense was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 as the Company evaluated the performance condition being met as not probable as of December 31, 2020.

As of December 31, 2022, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $168.4 million. This unrecognized expense as of December 31, 2022 is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining vesting period of 2.76 years. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 231,576 shares of non-employee RSUs outstanding under the combined stock plans.

RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows:


	Restricted stock units			Weighted-average grant date fair value per share
Balance as of December 31, 2021		1,716,614		$	38.40
Granted		10,664,063			17.60
Vested		(1,482,082	)		23.71
Cancelled/forfeited		(984,470	)		29.15
Balance as of December 31, 2022		9,914,125		$	19.14

2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2021, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which became effective in connection with the Direct Listing. The ESPP authorizes the issuance of shares of Class A common stock pursuant to purchase rights granted to employees. A total of 3,411,791 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock have been reserved for future issuance under the ESPP, in addition to any annual automatic evergreen increases in the number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under the ESPP. The ESPP offers employees the option to purchase shares through a series of consecutive 12-month offering periods on each May 15th and November 15th (with two six-month purchase periods during each offering period). The price at which Class A common stock is purchased under the ESPP is equal to the lower of (i) 85% of the closing trading price per share of the Company's Class A common stock on the first trading date of an offering period in which a participant is enrolled or (ii) 85% of the closing trading price per share on the purchase date, which will occur on the last trading day of each purchase period, or such other price designated by the administrator.

The initial offering period under the ESPP was longer than 12 months, commencing on September 28, 2021 and ending on November 14, 2022. The first purchase period commenced on September 28, 2021 and ended on May 14, 2022. The ESPP offers a rollover feature pursuant to which, if the fair market value of a share of Class A common stock on the first purchase date is lower than the fair market value on the first trading day of the offering period, the respective offering period will terminate and each participant will be automatically enrolled in the offering period that commences immediately following the purchase date. In accordance with the rollover feature, immediately following the conclusion of the first and second purchase periods on May 14, 2022 and November 14, 2022, respectively, the corresponding offering period was terminated and participants were automatically enrolled in a new 12-month offering period commencing on May 15, 2022 and November 15, 2022 and ending on May 14, 2023 and November 14, 2023, respectively. The impact of the rollover feature did not result in material incremental compensation cost for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of shares to be granted under the ESPP during the period utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022

Fair value of common stock	$14.77 - $17.04
Expected dividend yield		—
Risk-free interest rate	1.54% - 4.63%
Expected volatility	60%
Expected term (years)	0.50 - 1.0

The expected term for the ESPP purchase rights is based on the duration of the offering period. Estimated volatility for ESPP purchase rights is based on the historical volatility of a group of industry peers as sufficient history is not available for our common stock. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time the ESPP purchase right was granted at the beginning of the offering period. We have not declared, nor do we expect to declare dividends.

As of December 31, 2022, 350,341 shares have been purchased under the ESPP. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $5.7 million of stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP. As of December 31, 2022, total unrecognized compensation costs related to the ESPP was $1.9 million, which will be amortized over a weighted average period of 0.87 years.

Stock-based compensation expense, net of actual forfeitures is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

Cost of revenue	$	6,468	$	1,951	$	590
Research and development		27,855		13,613		5,582
Sales and marketing		17,143		7,871		6,512
General and administrative		15,757		10,959		3,869
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	67,223	$	34,394	$	16,553

During 2021 and 2020, the Company facilitated secondary transactions with select executives in which common stock was sold above fair value. Therefore, the Company has recorded $1.1 million and $11.1 million as compensation expense included in the above table in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. No related expense was recorded in the year ended December 31, 2022.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.

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+ Details

Employee Benefit Plans	12 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plans	Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plans	(6) Employee Benefit Plans The Company has established a savings and retirement plan for employees that permits participants to make contributions by salary deductions pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The plan is available to all regular employees on the Company’s U.S. payroll. The Company does not currently match employees’ contributions.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

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-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (l)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (r)(2)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123447040&loc=d3e1928-114920

+ Details

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

(7)

Income Taxes

Pre-tax book loss has been recorded in the following jurisdictions (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
United States	$	(97,047	)	$	(79,354	)	$	(26,758	)
Foreign		4,466			5,400			3,024
Worldwide pre-tax loss	$	(92,581	)	$	(73,954	)	$	(23,734	)

The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021			2020
Current:
Federal	$	—	$	—		$	—
State		86		26			12
Foreign		619		583			353
Total Current	$	705	$	609		$	365
Deferred:
Federal	$	—	$	(320	)	$	—
State		—		(57	)		—
Foreign		91		797			468
Total Provision	$	796	$	1,029		$	833

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the federal income tax rate of 21% to pre-tax loss for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 from operations as a result of the following:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Statutory federal income tax rate	21.00	%	21.00	%	21.00	%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefits	4.34		3.88		4.12
Permanent differences	(0.29)		(6.74)		(1.14)
Tax credits	6.49		6.12		14.53
Foreign rate differential	0.25		(0.33)		(0.78)
Stock based compensation	(3.36)		88.87		(11.60)
Other	(0.04)		(0.02)		(1.07)
Valuation allowance	(29.25)		(114.17)		(28.57)
Tax provision	(0.86)	%	(1.39)	%	(3.51)	%

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 related to the following (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	107,341		$	103,028		$	23,493
Credit carryforwards		15,876			9,742			5,199
Stock-based compensation		7,124			3,456			1,061
Accruals and reserves		544			533			326
Operating lease liability		2,806			—			—
Fixed assets		—			—			73
Capitalized research and development costs		14,674			—			—
Intangibles		145			—			168
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		190			—			—
Other		167			44			37
Gross tax assets		148,867			116,803			30,357
Valuation allowance		(139,291	)		(110,720	)		(26,286	)
Realizable deferred tax assets		9,576			6,083			4,071
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred commission costs	$	(8,962	)	$	(6,881	)	$	(4,727	)
Internal use software		—			(643	)		(277	)
Operating lease right-of-use assets		(2,428	)		—			—
Fixed assets		(22	)		(1	)		—
Intangibles		—			(303	)		(14	)
Other		—			—			(1	)
Gross deferred liabilities		(11,412	)		(7,828	)		(5,019	)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	(1,836	)	$	(1,745	)	$	(948	)

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset-and-liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforward. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to the taxable income or loss in the future years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established for deferred tax assets to the extent it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets may not be realizable.

The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing its tax return to determine whether the tax positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon challenge by the applicable taxing authority. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or remeasurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion of all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Based on the levels of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the period in which temporary differences are deductible, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance for substantially all of its deferred tax assets, except to the extent of deferred tax liabilities, as it is unable to conclude that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets in excess of deferred tax liabilities will be realizable.

At December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $422.2 million, $288.0 million, and $0.6 million of net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future federal, state, and foreign taxable income, respectively. If realized, none of the net operating loss carryforwards will be recognized as a benefit through additional paid-in capital. If not realized, federal carryforward losses of $25.4 million will expire beginning in 2032 and $396.8 million of carryforward losses will carryforward indefinitely. State carryforwards will expire beginning 2030. The foreign losses can be carried forward indefinitely.

At December 31, 2022, the Company had tax credit carryforwards of $9.1 million and $8.5 million, net of reserves to offset future federal and state tax and $0.1 million of foreign research tax credit carryforwards. The carryforwards will expire in various amounts for federal purposes beginning 2033. The California R&D credits will not expire but the California competes tax credits will expire beginning 2026. The foreign research tax credits are allowed a carryforward of 20 years and are set to expire in 2042.

Utilization of net operating loss carryforwards and credits may be subject to substantial annual limitation due to ownership change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state provisions. The annual limitations may result in the expiration of the net operating losses before utilization.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had unrecognized income tax benefits of $3.6 million. The increase in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefit was primarily attributable to current year credit activities. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrealized tax benefit (excluding interest and penalties) is as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	2,253	$	1,226	$	766
Increases related to tax positions taken during a prior year		1,372		1,027		460
Decreases related to tax positions taken during a prior year		—		—		—
Increases related to tax positions taken during the current year		—		—		—
Ending balance	$	3,625	$	2,253	$	1,226

The total unrecognized tax benefit, if recognized, would not affect the Company’s effective tax rate as the tax benefit would increase the deferred tax asset, which is currently offset with a full valuation allowance. The Company does not anticipate that the amount of existing unrecognized tax benefit will significantly increase or decrease within the next 12 months. Accrued interest and penalties related to the unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in income tax expense. No interest, penalties, or tax benefits were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Company files U.S. federal, Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, Singapore, Japan, Germany, Canada, India, and Australia income tax returns as well as state income tax returns for various state jurisdictions. Due to the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards in the United States, its income tax returns remain subject to federal and state tax authorities for all prior years. There are no tax years under examination by any jurisdiction, except India, at this time. The Company records liabilities related to uncertain tax positions and believes that it has provided adequate reserves for income tax uncertainties in all open tax years.

The Company provides for U.S. federal income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless they are considered permanently reinvested outside of the U.S. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s management is asserting that it is their intent to indefinitely reinvest unremitted foreign earnings for all its foreign entities.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) amended Section 174 to require taxpayers to capitalize costs properly identified as research and experimental expenditures and amortize such costs ratably over a period of either five or fifteen years (beginning with the midpoint of the tax year in which the specified expenditures are paid or incurred), depending on whether the costs were associated with domestic or foreign activity, respectively. The TCJA specified that amendments to Section 174 were applicable to research and experimental costs incurred in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2021 and as such, the Company has adopted the amendment. This amendment did not have a material impact to income taxes in the Company's financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors and Science Act of 2022 (“CHIPS”) and the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) of 2022 were signed into law by President Biden on August 9, 2022 and August 16, 2022, respectively. These laws introduce new options for monetizing certain credits, a corporate alternative minimum tax, and a stock repurchase excise tax. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of CHIPS and IRA, but at present does not expect that the any of the provisions included in these acts would result in a material impact to the Company's deferred tax assets, liabilities, or income taxes payable.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330215-122817

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32809-109319

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32705-109319

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

+ Details

Operating Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Operating Leases

(8)

Operating Leases

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands, except years and rate):


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
Operating lease cost	$	3,731
Short-term lease cost		796
Total lease cost	$	4,527


	As of December 31, 2022
Weighted average remaining term (years)		2.79
Weighted average discount rate		3.13	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	1,476
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	3,616

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases with initial lease terms in excess of one year included in the Company’s lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):


Year ending December 31:
2023	$	4,062
2024		4,013
2025		3,107
2026 and thereafter		385
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	$	11,567
Less: imputed interest		(477	)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	11,090

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, rent expense was $3.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively.

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

(9)

Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Matters

The Company is involved in various legal and regulatory matters arising from the normal course of business activities. The Company records litigation accruals for legal matters, which are both probable and estimable. For legal proceedings for which there is a reasonable possibility of loss (meaning those losses for which the likelihood is more than remote but less than probable), the Company has determined that it does not have material exposure, or it is unable to develop a range of reasonably possible losses. Although no assurance may be given, the Company believes that it is not presently a party to any litigation of which the outcome, if determined adversely, would individually or in the aggregate be reasonably expected to have a material and adverse effect on the business, operating results, cash flows, or financial position. Legal fees are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

Net Loss Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

(10)

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share attributable to the Company’s common stockholders is computed in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. Prior to the automatic conversion of all of its redeemable convertible preferred stock

outstanding into Class B common stock concurrent with the Direct Listing, the Company considered all series of its redeemable convertible preferred stock to be participating securities as holders of such stock had the right to receive nonforfeitable dividends on a ratable basis in the event that a dividend was paid on common stock. Under the two-class method, the net loss attributable to common stockholders was not allocated to the redeemable convertible preferred stock as the preferred stockholders did not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company's losses.

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to the Company’s common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for all periods presented because the effects of potentially dilutive items were anti-dilutive given the Company’s net loss position in each period presented.

The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting, conversion, and transfer rights. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, all undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis to each class of common stock and the resulting basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders are, therefore, the same for both Class A and Class B common stock on both an individual and a combined basis.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020

Net loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	$	(93,377	)	$	(74,983	)	$	(24,567	)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted		111,437			51,360			25,060
Net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.84	)	$	(1.46	)	$	(0.98	)

The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		—		—		61,718
Warrants		—		—		7
Non-plan stock options		—		—		36
Equity plan stock options outstanding		16,768		21,214		28,445
Equity plan stock options early exercised		235		799		276
RSUs outstanding		9,914		1,717		2,571
Restricted shares		241		362		—
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP		558		198		—
Total		27,716		24,290		93,053

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	(11) Subsequent Events In January and February 2023, the Company issued 1.0 million RSUs to its employees with service-based vesting conditions. The service-based vesting condition for the majority of these awards is satisfied over three years. The grant date fair value of the RSUs issued in January and February 2023 was approximately $14.4 million.

Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Description of Business

Segment Information

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Foreign Currency

Reclassification

Certain amounts in the prior period financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the presentation of the current period consolidated financial statements.

Direct Listing

Use of Estimates

•

expected period of benefit for deferred commissions;

•

useful lives of long-lived assets;

•

valuation of the Company’s common stock and stock-based awards for periods prior to the direct listing of the Company's Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Direct Listing”);

•

valuation of goodwill and intangible assets;

•

the recognition, measurement, and valuation of deferred tax assets and income tax uncertainties; and

•

incremental borrowing rate used for operating leases.

Risks and Uncertainties

Revenue Recognition

To achieve the core principle of the revenue standard, the Company applies the following steps:

(i)

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with the customer

(ii)

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

(iii)

Determination of the transaction price

(iv)

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

(v)

Recognition of the revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied

Subscription revenue

Remaining performance obligations

The Company’s remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2022 are expected to be recognized as follows (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2022
Less than or equal to 12 months	$	190,595
Greater than 12 months		57,581
Total remaining performance obligations	$	248,176

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table shows the Company’s disaggregation of revenue by geographic areas, as determined based on the billing address of its customers (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
United States	$	146,415	$	107,244	$	65,189
International		91,652		60,017		37,275
Total revenue	$	238,067	$	167,261	$	102,464

Accounts Receivable, Net

Concentration of Risk and Significant Customers

Deferred Revenue

Deferred Commissions

The following table represents a rollforward of the Company’s deferred commissions as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Beginning balance	$	28,685		$	19,440
Additions to deferred commissions		17,740			16,077
Amortization of deferred commissions		(9,708	)		(6,832	)
Ending balance		36,717			28,685
Deferred commissions, current portion		10,918			8,112
Deferred commissions, net of current portion		25,799			20,573
Total deferred commissions	$	36,717		$	28,685

Cost of Revenue

Research and Development Expense

Advertising Costs

Share-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Taxes

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	218,494	$	307,445
Restricted cash, noncurrent		855		850
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	219,349	$	308,295

Investments in Marketable Securities

Fair Value Measurement

Fair Value Measurements

Business Combinations

Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible Assets

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of those assets, as follows:


Property		Useful Life
Office equipment		3 years
Furniture and fixtures		3 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of remaining lease term or 5 years
Software including internal-use software		3 years

Operating Leases

Capitalized Internal-Use Software Costs

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Net Loss Per Share

Indemnifications and Warranties

Indemnifications

Warranties

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Additionally, in 2018 and 2019, the FASB issued the following Topic 842–related ASUs:

•

2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which makes certain technical corrections to Topic 842;

•

Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company’s remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2022 are expected to be recognized as follows (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2022
Less than or equal to 12 months	$	190,595
Greater than 12 months		57,581
Total remaining performance obligations	$	248,176

Summary of Disaggregation of Revenue by Geographic Areas

The following table shows the Company’s disaggregation of revenue by geographic areas, as determined based on the billing address of its customers (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
United States	$	146,415	$	107,244	$	65,189
International		91,652		60,017		37,275
Total revenue	$	238,067	$	167,261	$	102,464

Summary of Deferred Commissions

The following table represents a rollforward of the Company’s deferred commissions as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022			2021
Beginning balance	$	28,685		$	19,440
Additions to deferred commissions		17,740			16,077
Amortization of deferred commissions		(9,708	)		(6,832	)
Ending balance		36,717			28,685
Deferred commissions, current portion		10,918			8,112
Deferred commissions, net of current portion		25,799			20,573
Total deferred commissions	$	36,717		$	28,685

Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The following table represents the Company's cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at each period end (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	218,494	$	307,445
Restricted cash, noncurrent		855		850
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	219,349	$	308,295

Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of those assets, as follows:


Property		Useful Life
Office equipment		3 years
Furniture and fixtures		3 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of remaining lease term or 5 years
Software including internal-use software		3 years

Balance Sheet Components (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Prepaid hosting	$	9,759	$	9,216
Other prepaid expenses and other assets		10,576		9,900
Total prepaid expense and other current assets	$	20,335	$	19,116

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2022			2021
Office equipment	$	4,062		$	3,351
Furniture and fixtures		1,533			319
Leasehold improvements		1,012			521
Software		13			12
Internal-use software		6,825			3,296
Total property and equipment		13,445			7,499
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(4,037	)		(2,667	)
Property and equipment, net	$	9,408		$	4,832

Schedule Of Carrying value Of Capitalized Internal Cost

The changes in the carrying value of capitalized internal-use software costs for the periods presented below are as follows (in thousands):


	Amount

Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	1,121
Capitalization of internal-use software costs		2,072
Amortization of internal-use software costs		(585	)
Balance as of December 31, 2021		2,608
Capitalization of internal-use software costs		3,530
Amortization of internal-use software costs		(1,247	)
Balance as of December 31, 2022		4,891

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Accrued commission	$	4,494	$	4,708
Accrued payroll and employee related taxes		1,580		2,689
Accrued sales tax		338		932
Liability from early exercised stock options		1,382		3,708
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan withholding		1,185		981
Operating lease liabilities, current		3,997		—
Other accrued liabilities		5,723		4,918
Total accrued expenses	$	18,699	$	17,936

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summarizes of fair value assets

The following table summarizes, for financial assets measured at fair value, the respective fair value and classification by level of input within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):


		As of December 31, 2022
		Amortized Cost			Gross Unrealized Gains			Gross Unrealized Losses				Estimated Fair Value
Level 1:
Cash equivalents(1)
Money market funds	$		168,730	$		—	$		—		$		168,730
Level 2:
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. governmental securities			83,942			—			(754	)			83,188
Total	$		252,672	$		—	$		(754	)	$		251,918

Included in “Cash and cash equivalents” in the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, in addition to cash of $49.8 million.

Schedule of available for sale securities reconciliation

The fair value of the Company's available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2022, by remaining contractual maturities, was as follows (in thousands):


	As of December 31, 2022
Due in one year or less	$	11,971
Due in greater than one year		71,217
Total	$	83,188

Acquisition Intangible Assets and Goodwill (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Intangible Assets And Goodwill Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


		As of December 31, 2022										As of December 31, 2021
		Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization				Net Carrying Amount			Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization				Net Carrying Amount

Developed technology	$		5,550	$		(4,153	)	$		1,397	$		5,550	$		(2,303	)	$		3,247
Customer related			931			(306	)			625			400			(93	)			307
Intangible assets, net	$		6,481	$		(4,459	)	$		2,022	$		5,950	$		(2,396	)	$		3,554

Schedule of Expected Future Amortization Expense

As of December 31, 2022, future amortization expense is expected to be as follows (in thousands):


	Amount
2023	$	1,414
2024		509
2025		99
2026		—
2027		—
Total	$	2,022

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Reserved Shares of Common Stock

The Company has reserved shares of its common stock as follows:


	As of December 31, 2022		As of December 31, 2021

2014 Stock Option and Grant Plan and 2021 Incentive Award Plan:
Equity plan stock options outstanding		16,767,752		21,214,155
RSUs outstanding		9,914,125		1,716,614
Shares available for future issuance		16,774,634		19,005,008
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan:
Shares available for future issuance		3,411,791		2,663,371
Total reserved shares		46,868,302		44,599,148

Summary of Stock Option Activity

Option activity under the Company's combined stock plans is set forth below:


						Weighted
				Weighted		average		Aggregate
	Outstanding			average		remaining		intrinsic
	stock			exercise		contractual		value
	options			price		life (years)		(in thousands)
Balances as of December 31, 2021		21,214,155		$	4.15		8.12	$	1,035,039
Granted		858,630			14.84
Exercised		(2,498,763	)		2.77
Cancelled/forfeited		(2,806,270	)		8.42
Balances as of December 31, 2022(1)		16,767,752		$	4.19		7.19	$	132,298
Exercisable as of December 31, 2022(2)		12,822,860		$	3.29		6.89	$	112,713

(1)

(2)

Exercisable shares include vested options as well as unvested shares that can be early exercised

Schedule of Assumptions and Data Inputs to Estimate Fair Value of Options

The following range of assumptions and data inputs were used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of the options granted under the 2021 Plan:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022

Fair value of common stock	$14.62 - $15.63
Expected dividend yield		—
Risk-free interest rate	3.01% - 3.36%
Expected volatility	55.3% - 55.6%
Expected term (years)	6.0 - 6.3

Schedule of RSU Activity

RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows:


	Restricted stock units			Weighted-average grant date fair value per share
Balance as of December 31, 2021		1,716,614		$	38.40
Granted		10,664,063			17.60
Vested		(1,482,082	)		23.71
Cancelled/forfeited		(984,470	)		29.15
Balance as of December 31, 2022		9,914,125		$	19.14

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense, net of actual forfeitures is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020

Cost of revenue	$	6,468	$	1,951	$	590
Research and development		27,855		13,613		5,582
Sales and marketing		17,143		7,871		6,512
General and administrative		15,757		10,959		3,869
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	67,223	$	34,394	$	16,553

Schedule of Fair Value of Shares To be Granted Under the ESPP

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of shares to be granted under the ESPP during the period utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022

Fair value of common stock	$14.77 - $17.04
Expected dividend yield		—
Risk-free interest rate	1.54% - 4.63%
Expected volatility	60%
Expected term (years)	0.50 - 1.0

Commitments and Contingencies (Table)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity


Year ending December 31:
2023	$	4,062
2024		4,013
2025		3,107
2026 and thereafter		385
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	$	11,567
Less: imputed interest		(477	)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	11,090

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Pre-Tax Book Loss

Pre-tax book loss has been recorded in the following jurisdictions (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
United States	$	(97,047	)	$	(79,354	)	$	(26,758	)
Foreign		4,466			5,400			3,024
Worldwide pre-tax loss	$	(92,581	)	$	(73,954	)	$	(23,734	)

Schedule of Income Tax Provisions

The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021			2020
Current:
Federal	$	—	$	—		$	—
State		86		26			12
Foreign		619		583			353
Total Current	$	705	$	609		$	365
Deferred:
Federal	$	—	$	(320	)	$	—
State		—		(57	)		—
Foreign		91		797			468
Total Provision	$	796	$	1,029		$	833

Schedule of Reconciliation of Income Tax Provision to Federal Income Tax Rate


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Statutory federal income tax rate	21.00	%	21.00	%	21.00	%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefits	4.34		3.88		4.12
Permanent differences	(0.29)		(6.74)		(1.14)
Tax credits	6.49		6.12		14.53
Foreign rate differential	0.25		(0.33)		(0.78)
Stock based compensation	(3.36)		88.87		(11.60)
Other	(0.04)		(0.02)		(1.07)
Valuation allowance	(29.25)		(114.17)		(28.57)
Tax provision	(0.86)	%	(1.39)	%	(3.51)	%

Schedule of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	107,341		$	103,028		$	23,493
Credit carryforwards		15,876			9,742			5,199
Stock-based compensation		7,124			3,456			1,061
Accruals and reserves		544			533			326
Operating lease liability		2,806			—			—
Fixed assets		—			—			73
Capitalized research and development costs		14,674			—			—
Intangibles		145			—			168
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		190			—			—
Other		167			44			37
Gross tax assets		148,867			116,803			30,357
Valuation allowance		(139,291	)		(110,720	)		(26,286	)
Realizable deferred tax assets		9,576			6,083			4,071
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred commission costs	$	(8,962	)	$	(6,881	)	$	(4,727	)
Internal use software		—			(643	)		(277	)
Operating lease right-of-use assets		(2,428	)		—			—
Fixed assets		(22	)		(1	)		—
Intangibles		—			(303	)		(14	)
Other		—			—			(1	)
Gross deferred liabilities		(11,412	)		(7,828	)		(5,019	)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	(1,836	)	$	(1,745	)	$	(948	)

Summary of Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefit

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrealized tax benefit (excluding interest and penalties) is as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	2,253	$	1,226	$	766
Increases related to tax positions taken during a prior year		1,372		1,027		460
Decreases related to tax positions taken during a prior year		—		—		—
Increases related to tax positions taken during the current year		—		—		—
Ending balance	$	3,625	$	2,253	$	1,226

Operating Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Components of Lease Cost

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands, except years and rate):


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
Operating lease cost	$	3,731
Short-term lease cost		796
Total lease cost	$	4,527


	As of December 31, 2022
Weighted average remaining term (years)		2.79
Weighted average discount rate		3.13	%

Summary of Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	1,476
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	3,616

Schedule of Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity


Year ending December 31:
2023	$	4,062
2024		4,013
2025		3,107
2026 and thereafter		385
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	$	11,567
Less: imputed interest		(477	)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	11,090

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020

Net loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	$	(93,377	)	$	(74,983	)	$	(24,567	)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted		111,437			51,360			25,060
Net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.84	)	$	(1.46	)	$	(0.98	)

Schedule of Ant-dilutive Securities Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		—		—		61,718
Warrants		—		—		7
Non-plan stock options		—		—		36
Equity plan stock options outstanding		16,768		21,214		28,445
Equity plan stock options early exercised		235		799		276
RSUs outstanding		9,914		1,717		2,571
Restricted shares		241		362		—
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP		558		198		—
Total		27,716		24,290		93,053

Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Segment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Financing Receivable Impaired [Line Items]
Unrecognized transaction price	$ 248,200
Operating segment \| Segment	1
Reportable segment \| Segment	1
General and administrative expenses	$ 53,636	$ 55,370	$ 18,067
Allowance for doubtful accounts	700	100
Deferred revenue	68,800	40,700
Deferred commission impairment loss	0
Advertising Expense	$ 5,800	4,500	2,000
Award vesting period	2 years 3 months 18 days
Income tax description	The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.
Restricted cash, noncurrent	$ 855	850
Goodwill, impairment loss	0	0	0
Changes in goodwill	0	0
Impairment for intangible assets	0	0	0
Capitalized Computer Software, Impairments	0	0	0
Impairment Loss on Long Lived Asset	0	0	$ 0
Reserve	0	0
Warranties
Financing Receivable Impaired [Line Items]
Reserve	$ 0	0
Direct Listing
Financing Receivable Impaired [Line Items]
General and administrative expenses		$ 18,200
Redeemable convertible shares outstanding \| shares		68.0
Employee Stock Option
Financing Receivable Impaired [Line Items]
Award vesting rights, percentage		25.00%
Award vesting period		36 months
Options, vesting period		4 years
RSUs
Financing Receivable Impaired [Line Items]
Award vesting period		36 months
Options, vesting period		3 years
Revenue \| Revenue Benchmark \| No Customer
Financing Receivable Impaired [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%
Revenue \| Revenue Benchmark \| One Customer
Financing Receivable Impaired [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	10.00%	10.00%

Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies-Summary of Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Less than or equal to 12 months	$ 190,595
Greater than 12 months	57,581
Total remaining performance obligations	$ 248,176

Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Disaggregation of Revenue by Geographic Areas (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Financing Receivable Impaired [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 238,067	$ 167,261	$ 102,464
United States
Financing Receivable Impaired [Line Items]
Total revenue	146,415	107,244	65,189
International
Financing Receivable Impaired [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 91,652	$ 60,017	$ 37,275

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9031-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9038-108599

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130543-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9054-108599

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130545-203045

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6472922&loc=d3e499488-122856

+ Details

Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Deferred Commissions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Beginning balance	$ 28,685	$ 19,440
Additions to deferred commissions	17,740	16,077
Amortization of deferred commissions	(9,708)	(6,832)
Ending balance	36,717	28,685
Deferred commissions, current portion	10,918	8,112
Deferred commissions, net of current portion	25,799	20,573
Deferred Commission, Total	$ 36,717	$ 28,685

Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 218,494	$ 307,445
Restricted cash, noncurrent	855	850
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$ 219,349	$ 308,295

Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives of Property and Equipment (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Office Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life of Property	3 years
Furniture and Fixtures
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life of Property	3 years
Leasehold Improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life of Property	Shorter of remaining lease term or 5 years
Software Including Internal Use Software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life of Property	3 years

Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Prepaid hosting	$ 9,759	$ 9,216
Other prepaid expenses and other assets	10,576	9,900
Total prepaid expense and other current assets	$ 20,335	$ 19,116

Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 13,445	$ 7,499
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(4,037)	(2,667)
Property and equipment, net	9,408	4,832
Office Equipment
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	4,062	3,351
Furniture and Fixtures
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	1,533	319
Leasehold Improvements
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	1,012	521
Software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	13	12
Internal-use software
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 6,825	$ 3,296

Balance Sheet Components - Schedule Of Carrying value Of Capitalized Internal Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Capitalized Computer Software, Net, Beginning Balance	$ 2,608	$ 1,121
Capitalization of internal-use software costs	3,530	2,072
Amortization of internal-use software costs	(1,247)	(585)
Capitalized Computer Software, Net, Ending Balance	$ 4,891	$ 2,608

Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accrued commission	$ 4,494	$ 4,708
Accrued payroll and employee related taxes	1,580	2,689
Accrued sales tax	338	932
Liability from early exercised stock options	1,382	3,708
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan withholding	1,185	981
Operating lease liabilities, current	3,997	0
Other accrued liabilities	5,723	4,918
Total accrued expenses	$ 18,699	$ 17,936

Balance Sheet Components - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 2.6	$ 1.4	$ 1.0

Fair Value Measurements - Summarizes of fair value assets (Details)
$ in Thousands

Dec. 31, 2022

USD ($)

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Amortized Cost

$ 252,672

Gross Unrealized Losses

(754)

Estimated Fair Value

251,918

Fair Value Level 1 | Money market funds

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Amortized Cost

168,730

^[1]

Gross Unrealized Losses

^[1]

Estimated Fair Value

168,730

^[1]

Fair Value Level 2 | U.S. governmental securities

Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]

Amortized Cost

83,942

Gross Unrealized Losses

(754)

Estimated Fair Value

$ 83,188

[1]	Included in “Cash and cash equivalents” in the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, in addition to cash of $49.8 million.

Fair Value Measurements - Contractual maturities of available-for-sale securities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Due in one year or less	$ 11,971
Due in greater than one year	71,217
Total	$ 83,188

Acquisition Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of business consideration		$ 3,800
Goodwill of assets		$ 3,100
Intangible assets, weighted average useful life		3 years
Restricted stock shares issued under employee retention		0.4
Stock vesting period		4 years
Unrecognized share based compensation expenses	$ 2,500
Award vesting period	2 years 3 months 18 days
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 2,100	$ 1,700	$ 700
Privately Held Company
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition aggregate amount		9,500
Assets acquisition under business combination		$ 2,100
Business combination equity consideration	$ 7,400
Business acquisition, equity issued		0.7
Developed Technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of business consideration		$ 2,850
Customer-Related Intangible Assets
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Fair value of business consideration		$ 400

Acquisition Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Schedule of Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 6,481	$ 5,950
Accumulated Amortization	(4,459)	(2,396)
Total	2,022	3,554
Developed Technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	5,550	5,550
Accumulated Amortization	(4,153)	(2,303)
Total	1,397	3,247
Customer-Related Intangible Assets
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	931	400
Accumulated Amortization	(306)	(93)
Total	$ 625	$ 307

Acquisition Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Schedule of Expected Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Intangible Assets And Goodwill Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 1,414
2024	509
2025	99
2026	0
2027	0
Total	$ 2,022	$ 3,554

Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock - Additional Information (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued	0	0

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans - Preferred and Common Stock - Additional Information (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	20,000,000	20,000,000
Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Class A Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	600,000,000	600,000,000
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock, voting rights	Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote
Class B Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	600,000,000	600,000,000
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock, voting rights	Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to five votes

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans - Schedule of Reserved Shares of Common Stock (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total reserved shares	46,868,302	44,599,148
Employee Stock Option \| Option and Grant Plan
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total reserved shares	16,774,634	19,005,008
Equity Plan Stock Options Outstanding
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total reserved shares	16,767,752	21,214,155
RSUs Outstanding
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total reserved shares	9,914,125	1,716,614
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total reserved shares	3,411,791	2,663,371

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise of stock options, Shares		2,498,763
Total stock-based compensation expense		$ 67,223,000	$ 34,394,000	$ 16,553,000
Employee Stock Option
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense		1,500,000
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense		300,000	1,700,000
intrinsic value		$ 23,300,000	$ 519,100,000	$ 15,000,000.0
Weighted-average grant date fair value		$ 8.27	$ 6.02	$ 2.27
Fair value shares vested		$ 17,600,000	$ 9,700,000	$ 5,100,000
Secondary Transactions
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense			1,100,000	$ 11,100,000
R S Us
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Granted stock options				0
Total stock-based compensation expense		$ 46,000,000.0	$ 15,400,000	$ 0
Two Executives \| Employee Stock Option
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Granted stock options	1,756,545
2014 Stock Option Plan
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Options, vesting period		4 years
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense		$ 21,800,000
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense recognition period (term)		2 years 5 months 12 days
Non-employee stock options outstanding		354,500
2014 Stock Option Plan \| R S Us
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense		$ 168,400,000
Unrecognized share-based compensation expense recognition period (term)		2 years 9 months 3 days
Non-employee stock options outstanding		231,576
2021 Incentive Award Plan
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise of stock options, Shares		88,000,000
Purchase price		85.00%
Options, vesting period			4 years
2021 Incentive Award Plan \| Class A Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Shares reserved for issuance		16,774,634
Purchase price		85.00%
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Exercise of stock options, Shares		350,341
Initial offering period		The initial offering period under the ESPP was longer than 12 months
Commencement date		Sep. 28, 2021
Ending date		Nov. 14, 2022
Options, vesting period				4 years
Total stock-based compensation expense		$ 1,900,000
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense		$ 5,700,000
weighted-average remaining vesting period		10 months 13 days
2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan \| Class A Common Stock
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Shares reserved for issuance		3,411,791

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Equity [Abstract]

Balances as of December 31, 2020

21,214,155

Granted

858,630

Exercised

(2,498,763)

Cancelled/forfeited

(2,806,270)

Balances as of December 31, 2021

16,767,752

^[1]

21,214,155

Exercisable as of December 31, 2021

^[2]

12,822,860

Balances as of December 31, 2020

$ 4.15

Granted

14.84

Exercised

2.77

Cancelled/forfeited

8.42

Balances as of December 31, 2021

4.19

^[1]

$ 4.15

Exercisable as of December 31, 2021

^[2]

$ 3.29

Weighted average remaining contractual life (years), outstanding

7 years 2 months 8 days

^[1]

8 years 1 month 13 days

Weighted average remaining contractual life (years), Exercisable

^[2]

6 years 10 months 20 days

Balances as of December 31, 2020

$ 1,035,039

Balances as of December 31, 2021

132,298

^[1]

$ 1,035,039

Exercisable as of December 31, 2021

^[2]

$ 112,713

[1]	As no forfeitures are estimated due to the Company's adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, all options are vested or expected to vest. As of December 31, 2022, no options were outstanding that were subject to a future performance condition
[2]	Exercisable shares include vested options as well as unvested shares that can be early exercised

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans - Schedule of Assumptions and Data Inputs to Estimate Fair Value of Options (Details) - 2021 Incentive Award Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Expected dividend yield	0.00%
Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Fair value of common stock	$ 14.62
Risk-free interest rate	3.01%
Expected volatility	55.30%
Contractual term (years)	6 years
Maximum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Fair value of common stock	$ 15.63
Risk-free interest rate	3.36%
Expected volatility	55.60%
Contractual term (years)	6 years 3 months 18 days

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans - Schedule of RSU Activity (Details) - RSUs Outstanding	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Balance as of December 31, 2021 \| shares	1,716,614
Granted \| shares	10,664,063
Vested \| shares	(1,482,082)
Cancelled/forfeited \| shares	(984,470)
Balance as of December 31, 2022 \| shares	9,914,125
Balance as of December 31, 2021 \| $ / shares	$ 38.40
Granted \| $ / shares	17.60
Vested \| $ / shares	23.71
Cancelled/forfeited \| $ / shares	29.15
Balance as of December 31, 2022 \| $ / shares	$ 19.14

Stockholders' (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans - fair value of shares to be granted under the ESPP utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (Details) - 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Expected dividend yield	0.00%
Expected volatility	60.00%
Minimum [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Fair value of common stock	$ 14.77
Risk-free interest rate	1.54%
Expected term (years)	6 months
Maximum [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Fair value of common stock	$ 17.04
Risk-free interest rate	4.63%
Expected term (years)	1 year

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) and Equity Incentive Plans - Schedule of Stock Based Compensation Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 67,223	$ 34,394	$ 16,553
Cost of Revenue
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	6,468	1,951	590
Research and Development
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	27,855	13,613	5,582
Sales and Marketing
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	17,143	7,871	6,512
General and Administrative
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 15,757	$ 10,959	$ 3,869

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Statutory federal income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
NOL carryforwards, federal	$ 422,200
NOL carryforwards, state	288,000
NOL carryforwards, Foreign	600
Unrecognized Tax Benefits	3,625	$ 2,253	$ 1,226	$ 766
Federal
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Carryforward that are subject to expiration	$ 25,400
Net operating loss carry forwards, expire period	2032
Tax credit carryforward	$ 9,100
State
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Net operating loss carry forwards, expire period	2030
Carryforwards not subject to expiration	$ 396,800
Tax credit carryforward	8,500
Foreign
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	$ 100

Income Taxes - Schedule of Pre-Tax Book Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
United States	$ (97,047)	$ (79,354)	$ (26,758)
Foreign	4,466	5,400	3,024
Loss before provision for income taxes	$ (92,581)	$ (73,954)	$ (23,734)

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

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+ Details

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income Tax Provisions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current:
Federal	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
State	86	26	12
Foreign	619	583	353
Total Current	705	609	365
Deferred:
Federal	0	(320)	0
State	0	(57)	0
Foreign	91	797	468
Total Provision	$ 796	$ 1,029	$ 833

Income Taxes - Schedule of Reconciliation of Income Tax Provision to Federal Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Statutory federal income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefits	4.34%	3.88%	4.12%
Permanent differences	(0.29%)	(6.74%)	(1.14%)
Tax Credit	6.49%	6.12%	14.53%
Foreign rate differential	0.25%	(0.33%)	(0.78%)
Stock based compensation	(3.36%)	88.87%	(11.60%)
Other	(0.04%)	(0.02%)	(1.07%)
Valuation allowance	(29.25%)	(114.17%)	(28.57%)
Total provision	(0.86%)	(1.39%)	(3.51%)

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Deferred tax assets:
NOL carryforwards	$ 107,341	$ 103,028	$ 23,493
Credit Carryforwards	15,876	9,742	5,199
Stock-based compensation	7,124	3,456	1,061
Accruals and reserves	544	533	326
Operating lease liability	2,806	0	0
Fixed assets	0	0	73
Capitalized research and development costs	14,674	0	0
Intangibles	145	0	168
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	190	0	0
Other	167	44	37
Gross tax assets	148,867	116,803	30,357
Valuation allowance	(139,291)	(110,720)	(26,286)
Realizable deferred tax assets	9,576	6,083	4,071
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred commission costs	(8,962)	(6,881)	(4,727)
Internal use software	0	(643)	(277)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(2,428)	0	0
Fixed assets	(22)	(1)	0
Intangibles	0	(303)	(14)
Other	0	0	(1)
Gross deferred liabilities	(11,412)	(7,828)	(5,019)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$ (1,836)	$ (1,745)	$ (948)

Income Taxes - Summary of Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefit (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Beginning Balance	$ 2,253	$ 1,226	$ 766
Increases related to tax positions taken during a prior year	1,372	1,027	460
Decreases related to tax positions taken during a prior year	0	0	0
Increases related to tax positions taken during the current year	0	0	0
Ending Balance	$ 3,625	$ 2,253	$ 1,226

Operating Lease (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Rent Expense	$ 3.9	$ 4.2

Operating Leases - Components of lease expense (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 3,731
Short-term lease cost	796
Total lease cost	$ 4,527
Weighted average remaining term (years)	2 years 9 months 14 days
Weighted average discount rate	3.13%

Operating Leases - Summary of Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 1,476
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$ 3,616

Operating Leases - Schedule of Operating Lease, Liability, Maturity (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 4,062
2024	4,013
2025	3,107
2026 and thereafter	385
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	11,567
Less: imputed interest	(477)
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 11,090

Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 4,062
2024	4,013
2025	3,107
2026 and thereafter	385
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	$ 11,567

Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	$ (93,377)	$ (74,983)	$ (24,567)
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic	111,437	51,360	25,060
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted	111,437	51,360	25,060
Earnings Per Share, Basic	$ (0.84)	$ (1.46)	$ (0.98)
Earnings Per Share, Diluted	$ (0.84)	$ (1.46)	$ (0.98)

- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period per each share of common stock or unit outstanding during the reporting period.

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- Definition

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

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+ Details

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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+ Details

Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Ant-dilutive Securities Excluded from Calculation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	27,716	24,290	93,053
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	0	0	61,718
Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	0	0	7
Non-plan Stock Options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	0	0	36
Equity Plan Stock Options Outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	16,768	21,214	28,445
Equity Plan Stock Options Early Exercised
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	235	799	276
Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	9,914	1,717	2,571
Restricted Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	241	362	0
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP
Antidilutive Securities Excluded From Computation Of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share	558	198	0

Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	2 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 28, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Issuance of shares to employees with service based vesting conditions		858,630
RSUs
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Vesting period of units issued			3 years
RSUs \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Issuance of shares to employees with service based vesting conditions	1,000,000.0
Vesting period of units issued	3 years
Issuance of shares to employees, grant date fair value	$ 14.4